Tal y como ocurre en castellano, la palabra "nacionalidad" (en inglés "Nationality") no es un término muy empleado en inglés, salvo en contextos muy puntuales como en el tema de la emigración.
De esta forma, para preguntar por la nacionalidad nunca dirás what is your nationality? sino:
- where are you from? o
- where do you come from?
De igual forma, para contestar, nunca dirás Mi nationality is Spanish sino:
- I'm from Spain o
- I'm Spanish.
Por lo tanto, para hablar de nacionalidad podemos emplear el nombre del país o la nacionalidad.
Uno de los aspectos más complejos para hablar de nacionalidades se produce cuando nos referimos a una comunidad (por ejemplo: los españoles, los ingleses?). En unos casos, es necesario añadir una ?s a la nacionalidad para formar el plural mientras que en otras ocasiones no hay que añadir la ?s final para hablar de un grupo:
- Las nacionalidades que terminan en ?an, -ian, -er, -i necesitan añadir una ?s para hablar de una comunidad (The Russians are friendly / The Italians have lunch al 1.00 pm. / The New Zealanders are easy going).
- Las nacionalidades que terminan en ?ese, -ish, -iss, -ch no cambian cuando se emplean para designar a un colectivo (The Chinese are friendly. / The British have lunch at 1.00 pm. / The Swiss make wonderful chocolate).
Otra de las cuestiones a tener en cuenta es el uso del artículo "the". Si nos referimos a un grupo específico, el artículo "the" debe usarse. Por ejemplo: Most of the italians that I know dress well.
Sin embargo, cuando hablamos de un grupo en general, no es necesario emplear ningún tipo de artículo. Por ejemplo: Americans like hamburguers.
Hay un grupo de nacionalidades donde esta regla no funciona. Con la siguiente lista sólo puede hablarse de:
The British/ British people
The Chinese/ Chinese people
The Danish / Danish people
The Dutch/ Dutch
The Finnish/ Finnish people
The French/ French people
The Irish/ Irish people
The Japanese/ Japanese people
The Polish/ Polish people
The Portuguese/ Portuguese people
The Scottish/ Scottish people
The Spanish/ Spanish people
The Swedish / Swedish people
The Swiss/ Swiss people
The Turkish / Turkish people
The Vietnamese/ Vietnamese people
The Welsh/ Welsh people
* En el mundo anglosajón, los habitantes de Estados Unidos tienen como nacionalidad "American", mientras que para referirse a la gente de Sudamérica lo hacen como "South american".
Countries & Nationality
This chart lists many of the countries or nations in the world, with the following information:
- Name of country
- Adjective used for that country (also describes nationality)
- Noun used for a person from that country
Look at these example sentences:
She comes from France. She is French. Her nationality is French. She is a Frenchwoman. She drives a French car. She speaks French.
| Country | Adjective | Person |
| Afghanistan | Afghan | an Afghan |
| Albania | Albanian | an Albanian |
| Algeria | Algerian | an Algerian |
| Andorra | Andorran | an Andorran |
| Angola | Angolan | an Angolan |
| Argentina | Argentinian | an Argentinian |
| Armenia | Armenian | an Armenian |
| Australia | Australian | an Australian |
| Austria | Austrian | an Austrian |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani | an Azerbaijani |
| Bahamas | Bahamian | a Bahamian |
| Bahrain | Bahraini | a Bahraini |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | a Bangladeshi |
| Barbados | Barbadian | a Barbadian |
| Belarus | Belorussian or Byelorussian | a Belorussian or a Byelorussian |
| Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian |
| Belize | Belizian | a Belizian |
| Benin | Beninese | a Beninese |
| Bhutan | Bhutanese | a Bhutanese |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | a Bolivian |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | Bosnian | a Bosnian |
| Botswana | Botswanan | a Tswana |
| Brazil | Brazilian | a Brazilian |
| Britain | British | a Briton |
| Brunei | Bruneian | a Bruneian |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian |
| Burkina | Burkinese | a Burkinese |
| Burma (official nameMyanmar) | Burmese | a Burmese |
| Burundi | Burundian | a Burundian |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | a Cambodian |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | a Cameroonian |
| Canada | Canadian | a Canadian |
| Cape Verde Islands | Cape Verdean | a Cape Verdean |
| Chad | Chadian | a Chadian |
| Chile | Chilean | a Chilean |
| China | Chinese | a Chinese |
| Colombia | Colombian | a Colombian |
| Congo | Congolese | a Congolese |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | a Costa Rican |
| Croatia | Croat or Croatian | a Croat or a Croatian |
| Cuba | Cuban | a Cuban |
| Cyprus | Cypriot | a Cypriot |
| Czech Republic | Czech | a Czech |
| Denmark | Danish | a Dane |
| Djibouti | Djiboutian | a Djiboutian |
| Dominica | Dominican | a Dominican |
| Dominican Republic | Dominican | a Dominican |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorean | an Ecuadorean |
| Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian |
| El Salvador | Salvadorean | a Salvadorean |
| England | English | an Englishman, an Englishwoman |
| Eritrea | Eritrean | an Eritrean |
| Estonia | Estonian | an Estonian |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | an Ethiopian |
| Fiji | Fijian | a Fijian |
| Finland | Finnish | a Finn |
| France | French | a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman |
| Gabon | Gabonese | a Gabonese |
| Gambia, the | Gambian | a Gambian |
| Georgia | Georgian | a Georgian |
| Germany | German | a German |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | a Ghanaian |
| Greece | Greek | a Greek |
| Grenada | Grenadian | a Grenadian |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | a Guatemalan |
| Guinea | Guinean | a Guinean |
| Guyana | Guyanese | a Guyanese |
| Haiti | Haitian | a Haitian |
| Holland (also Netherlands) | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman |
| Honduras | Honduran | a Honduran |
| Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian |
| Iceland | Icelandic | an Icelander |
| India | Indian | an Indian |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | an Indonesian |
| Iran | Iranian | an Iranian |
| Iraq | Iraqi | an Iraqi |
| Ireland, Republic of | Irish | an Irishman, an Irishwoman |
| Israel | Israeli | an Israeli |
| Italy | Italian | an Italian |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | a Jamaican |
| Japan | Japanese | a Japanese |
| Jordan | Jordanian | a Jordanian |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh | a Kazakh |
| Kenya | Kenyan | a Kenyan |
| Korea see North Korea, South Korea | ||
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti | a Kuwaiti |
| Laos | Laotian | a Laotian |
| Latvia | Latvian | a Latvian |
| Lebanon | Lebanese | a Lebanese |
| Liberia | Liberian | a Liberian |
| Libya | Libyan | a Libyan |
| Liechtenstein | - | a Liechtensteiner |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | a Lithuanian |
| Luxembourg | - | a Luxembourger |
| Macedonia | Macedonian | a Macedonian |
| Madagascar | Malagasay or Madagascan | a Malagasay or a Madagascan |
| Malawi | Malawian | a Malawian |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | a Malaysian |
| Maldives | Maldivian | a Maldivian |
| Mali | Malian | a Malian |
| Malta | Maltese | a Maltese |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | a Mauritanian |
| Mauritius | Mauritian | a Mauritian |
| Mexico | Mexican | a Mexican |
| Moldova | Moldovan | a Moldovan |
| Monaco | Monégasque or Monacan | a Monégasque or a Monacan |
| Mongolia | Mongolian | a Mongolian |
| Montenegro | Montenegrin | a Montenegrin |
| Morocco | Moroccan | a Moroccan |
| Mozambique | Mozambican | a Mozambican |
| Myanmar see Burma | - | - |
| Namibia | Namibian | a Namibian |
| Nepal | Nepalese | a Nepalese |
| Netherlands, the (seeHolland) | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander |
| New Zealand | New Zealand (used attributively only, as in New Zealand butter but not | a New Zealander |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | a Nicaraguan |
| Niger | Nigerien | a Nigerien |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | a Nigerian |
| North Korea | North Korean | a North Korean |
| Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian |
| Oman | Omani | an Omani |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | a Pakistani |
| Panama | Panamanian | a Panamanian |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinean orGuinean | a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | a Paraguayan |
| Peru | Peruvian | a Peruvian |
| the Philippines | Philippine | a Filipino |
| Poland | Polish | a Pole |
| Portugal | Portuguese | a Portuguese |
| Qatar | Qatari | a Qatari |
| Romania | Romanian | a Romanian |
| Russia | Russian | a Russian |
| Rwanda | Rwandan | a Rwandan |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian or Saudi | a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi |
| Scotland | Scottish | a Scot |
| Senegal | Senegalese | a Senegalese |
| Serbia | Serb or Serbian | a Serb or a Serbian |
| Seychelles, the | Seychellois | a Seychellois |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leonian | a Sierra Leonian |
| Singapore | Singaporean | a Singaporean |
| Slovakia | Slovak | a Slovak |
| Slovenia | Slovene or Slovenian | a Slovene or a Slovenian |
| Solomon Islands | - | a Solomon Islander |
| Somalia | Somali | a Somali |
| South Africa | South African | a South African |
| South Korea | South Korean | a South Korean |
| Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan | a Sri Lankan |
| Sudan | Sudanese | a Sudanese |
| Suriname | Surinamese | a Surinamer or a Surinamese |
| Swaziland | Swazi | a Swazi |
| Sweden | Swedish | a Swede |
| Switzerland | Swiss | a Swiss |
| Syria | Syrian | a Syrian |
| Taiwan | Taiwanese | a Taiwanese |
| Tajikistan | Tajik or Tadjik | a Tajik or a Tadjik |
| Tanzania | Tanzanian | a Tanzanian |
| Thailand | Thai | a Thai |
| Togo | Togolese | a Togolese |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Trinidadian Tobagan/Tobagonian | a Trinidadian a Tobagan/Tobagonian |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | a Tunisian |
| Turkey | Turkish | a Turk |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen or Turkoman | a Turkmen or a Turkoman |
| Tuvali | Tuvaluan | a Tuvaluan |
| Uganda | Ugandan | a Ugandan |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | a Ukrainian |
| United Arab Emirates (UAE) | UAE or Emirates (used attributively only, as in UAE buildings, Emirates holidaysbut not | an Emirati |
| United Kingdom (UK) | UK (used attributively only, as in UK time but not | a Briton |
| United States of America (USA) | US (used attributively only, as in US aggression but not | a US citizen |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | a Uruguayan |
| Uzbekistan | Uzbek | an Uzbek |
| Vanuata | Vanuatuan | a Vanuatuan |
| Vatican City | - | - |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan | a Venezuelan |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | a Vietnamese |
| Wales | Welsh | a Welshman, a Welshwoman |
| Western Samoa | Western Samoan | a Western Samoan |
| Yemen | Yemeni | a Yemeni |
| Yugoslavia | Yugoslav | a Yugoslav |
| Zaire | Zaïrean | a Zaïrean |
| Zambia | Zambian | a Zambian |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | a Zimbabwean |
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